The benefits of family planning go beyond the prevention of maternal and child mortality and extend to poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability and the empowerment of women. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is committed to reducing unintended pregnancy in the developing world by increasing access to high-quality, voluntary family planning services. The Urban Reproductive Health (RH) Initiative, initiated in 2009, is one component of the foundation’s strategy that targets the expansion of quality family planning services in selected urban areas of Uttar Pradesh, India; Kenya; Nigeria; and Senegal. To build scientific evidence for urban family planning efforts, the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation (MLE) Project, led by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), in partnership with the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), conducted an impact evaluation of the country-specific Urban Health Initiative (UHI) program in Uttar Pradesh, India. [102 pages]