Here in CARE International’s Evaluation e-Library we make all of CARE’s external evaluation reports available for public access in accordance with our Accountability Policy.
With these accumulated project evaluations CARE International hopes to share our collective knowledge not only internally but with a wider audience.
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If you have an evaluation or study to share, please e-mail the document to ejanoch@care.org for posting.
Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU) Value Chains and Market Assessment report
• Map out existing and new Agricultural and non-Agricultural value chains and assess their potential to promote women and youth economic empowerment, and community-based nutrition and household incomes.
• Identify challenges, specific entry barriers for women and youth into the VC and opportunities along the Value chains of; 1) crops such as Soybean, groundnuts, nutritious potato, vegetable, etc.); 2) Honey; and 3) livestock (small ruminants, and other non-Agricultural value chain) and propose ways of addressing these challenges.
• Develop an individual VCs, including mapping of actors, actions, supporting functions, institutions, policy issues, along each chain and propose recommendations for specific gender sensitive value chain activities that promote women and Youth participation and economic empowerment (employment opportunities as well as increasing their incomes along the chain).
• Assess the market structure (players, channels, sourcing), demand and supply (product specifications, prices, volumes, preferences), trends, market opportunities and challenges for the different value enterprises above Read More...
Development Initiative for Northern Uganda (DINU) End of Project Report
The Project employed an Inclusive Market Development-Based approach, emphasizing economic gender equality, women empowerment, youth engagement, and community-based nutrition, while also focusing on the value chain. This strategy involved multi-stakeholder engagement and synergizing with existing government and development partner initiatives like DADO, CRS, and SORUDA. By implementing this approach, the project provided smallholder farmers with opportunities to enhance their incomes through the cultivation of high-value crops, such as sesame, cotton, soybean, and iron-rich beans. Additionally, measures were taken to ensure sustainability, including integrating activities into the government's PDM approach, building capacity among extension staff, and linking VSLA/SILC/YSLA/PMGs groups to financial institutions and agro input service providers.
A crucial aspect of the project was empowering women and youth, often marginalized in agriculture and rural development. Women were trained in Climate-Smart Agriculture and offered access to markets and finance through VSLA/SILC groups. Furthermore, Role Model Men were involved in raising awareness on gender-responsive actions, family planning, and women empowerment within smallholder farmers' households, fostering attitudinal changes towards gender equality and encouraging women to play an active role in agricultural production.
To achieve success, the project effectively engaged both public and private extension workers, disseminating information on Climate-Smart Agriculture practices to smallholder farmers and boosting production and income. Additionally, collaboration with Tillage Service Providers promoted entrepreneurship among youth and reduced manual labor burdens for smallholder farmers.
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GAP ANALYSIS AND LINKAGE READINESS ASSESSMENT FOR YOUTH/VILLAGE SAVINGS AND LOANS ASSOCIATIONS (Y/VSLAs)
The objectives of the study included gap analysis of Y/VSLAs, linkage readiness assessment for mature Y/VSLAs and evaluation “digital readiness” of group members. A representative sample of 773 Y/VSLAs from drawn from all the project districts were covered the study. The sample was classified in three categories: Mature groups totalling 350 (45.3%) Mature and ready for Linkage groups, 390 (50.5%) and Watch Category/Maturing groups and 33 (4.3%)
The analysis revealed that the gaps identified in Mature and Ready-for-linkage Y/VSLAs were closely similar to those in Watch Category (Maturing Groups) category and required more or less similar interventions.
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Best Approaches from the Disaster READY Project Phase II to be Replicated at Scale by Government and/or Other Partners
Donor: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Australian Government
Total Page Count: 39
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Gender and Power Analysis on CoVID-19 Health System Strengthening Project (CoHSiS)
Key findings
Sexual/Gender Division of Labor
Timor-Leste is predominantly a patriarchal society with strong social and gender norms and gendered power imbalances that lead to gender inequality. At the household level, women and girls are overburdened with work as they perform most of the household chores and child and elder care; and spend their time on agriculture or horticulture work as well as contributing to community or cultural events. On the other hand, based on the primary data analysis, men are expected to be breadwinners for the family and women are expected to take care of the household. In cases where men have performed chores outside their prescribed roles, for example, the daily clock showed caring for babies, taking care of the children, and doing household activities like cooking and fetching water, women and the community at large have stigmatised men. When men try to take up roles that are already defined as women's roles, women and the community can even call men "gay". Additionally, women spend an average of 12 hours daily (5 am – 10 pm) on household chores while men spend an average of 9 hours daily on productive work (6 am – 10 pm) taking out resting time from both males and females. Self-confidence and belief in their own abilities are key components that aid women in negotiating for a fairer household division of labour with their partner.
Despite the existence of negotiation between partners for sharing household chores, tasks remain gendered and resistant to change. Men and boys who challenge these norms by performing household chores face backlash and stigmatization. However, there is some evidence of shifting trends, with more men participating in traditionally female chores.
Household Decision-Making
Generally, women have less decision-making power in households, with their scope often limited to daily matters like food consumption and management of finances for daily expenses. Men tend to make the more substantial decisions regarding matters like buying and selling large animals, land, and generally making agricultural choices.
The division of decision-making power varies depending on the marriage system, with some communities adhering to matrilineal traditions where women have more influence, but even in such cases, significant decisions still require consultation with males within the family.
The study highlights that attending traditional ceremonies and making decisions about children's futures, education, and financial matters can lead to conflicts if not handled jointly. While discussions with community members indicated the importance of mutual consultation in women's negotiation for decision-making, the study also found that women who make independent decisions without consulting their husbands are blamed if the outcomes are unfavourable.
Control over productive assets
In Timor-Leste, control over productive assets, including agricultural land, crops, and animals, poses a significant challenge for women. Men predominantly hold control over big productive assets, such as buffalos and horses, and are the primary decision-makers for household assets. There's a clear distinction between "big assets" and "small assets," with women primarily owning the latter, which includes items like Tais (traditional weavings) which have a lower monetary value.
However, there are signs of change, with recent developments, such as training and activities by NGOs and the government, leading to increased participation of women in decisions about household and productive assets. Joint decision-making, especially on assets with lower monetary value, is now more common. In some cases, men are giving women more autonomy over these assets.
Strategies employed by women to negotiate control over productive assets include mutual agreement, open communication, temporary changes in responsibilities, and shared responsibility.
The study also identifies differences in ownership and control of assets between patrilineal and matrilineal societies, where practices can vary significantly. For example, in patrilineal societies, the presence of a male family member often automatically bestows inheritance rights, while in matrilineal societies, women are prioritized for inheritance, particularly regarding land. However, the study notes that it is essential to consider the specific context of individual families. Read More...
Integrating Local Knowledge in Humanitarian and Development Programming: Perspectives of Global Women Leaders
Key takeaways from this research span two broad categories – how local leaders conceptualize local knowledge and what the effective use of local knowledge in practice looks like to them. Within these categories, interviewees explored the many challenges they face in identifying and sharing knowledge; their various approaches to designing projects based on local knowledge; some of the tensions they often find themselves balancing; unique ways of measuring the contribution of such knowledge to the success of an intervention; and experiences with and strategies for sharing their knowledge with non-local actors.
In terms of how women leaders tend to conceptualize local knowledge, the research reveals three distinct but interconnected definitions of the term: 1) knowing what a community is like; 2) knowing what a community needs and where the solutions lie; and 3) having a profound connection with the community. The first definition indicates knowing a community well enough to understand the dynamics within it. The second goes a bit further to say that local knowledge means knowing both the specific needs present in a community as well as the relevant solutions for addressing them. As one respondent told us, “Contextual expertise is having experience in a certain context and being able to solve problems based on it.” And the third conceptualization indicates having a deeply rooted connection with the community or the grassroots. Some described this as “having your heart” in the community. Key to this third definition appears to be both consistency and the ability to perceive change over time. Interviewees said that local knowledge depends on people having gone through different “contexts, histories, processes, and experiences” together, and having learned from them collectively. Therefore, it is difficult, if not impossible, for international actors to acquire the same level of investment in communities that is quasi-synonymous with local knowledge unless they have lived, worked, and built relationships within them long enough to meet this consistency standard. Instead, this level of knowledge of a community and its context is fairly unique to local actors. Read More...
Integrating Sexual and Reproductive Health and Gender Based Violence Programming
SUFAL II Baseline Report
- Full scale implementation – Capacity development and support to communities to implement sector-specific early actions with extended lead times prior to monsoon floods.
- Partial scale implementation – Technical and capacity building support to the Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) and government officials, with the aim to demonstrate how the FbA mechanism can be operationalized in a district.
The selected areas in each district have ‘medium’ to ‘very high’ risk profiles as per INFORM Index on Risk Management. The risk profiles have been calculated based on the modelling of exposure to hazard, vulnerability and coping mechanisms in place.
Methodology
The baseline study uses a mixed method analysis. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative tools were administered to collect relevant data to assess the baseline status. The quantitative tool was administered to a sample of 1500 households, which were distributed across 60 wards. For the qualitative aspect of the study, a total of 28 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with DMCs and local government officials and 30 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the community members.
Key Findings
Background of respondents
Under the household survey, a total of 1494 interviews were conducted, of which 1394 interviews were conducted in three treatment groups and 100 interviews were conducted in the control group. The majority of respondents were female (74%), Muslim (95.7%), and of Bangali (99.8%) ethnicity. Approximately 79% of households reported a monthly income that exceeded 5000 Taka.
Floods in 2022
Of all the respondents, 78.4% experienced floods in 2022, with the highest occurrence in the month of Ashar - Srabon. Treatment group 1 (64.7%) and the control group (70%) had a lower flood incidence compared to Treatment groups 2 (89.1%) and Treatment group 3 (86.8%).
Early warning
Of all respondents in the three treatment groups who faced floods in 2022, only 36.3% received early warnings. It was observed that a higher percentage of respondents from the treatment group 1 (69.4%) received early warnings as compared to treatment group 3 (35.4%) and treatment group 2 (11.8%). Overall, out of all the respondents who reported receiving early warning, 85.8% reported that they received it 1 to 5 days prior to the floods. Television (40.1%) and friends/relatives (29.7%) were the primary sources of early warning information. Among other sources, only 8.5% of respondents reported receiving early warning via Audio calls, 19.2% reported from community volunteers (miking or household visit) and 1.2% via digital boards. Among those who received early warnings, 60.3% had information about flood intensity/water level, and 52.9% had information about the lead time. However, only 36.2% received guidance on early actions, 24.7% received livestock advisory, and 13.0% received agromet advisory. This indicates a lack of agromet advisory, flood preparedness advisory, and health awareness across all treatment groups. Overall, 67.8% of respondents found the early warnings timely and understandable, and 98.8% expressed trust in the early warnings. Read More...
PROHORI: Combating Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladesh in the Context of COVID-19
Driven by Impact – CARE’s progress against Vision 2030 as of May 2023
In Annex 1, you will find detailed analysis by impact goal, Annex 2 highlights the main documents reviewed to feed into this report and Annex 3 indicates who was interviewed/consulted. Read More...
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