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Understanding the Policy Environment for Scaling Farmers’ Field Business School in Nepal: A Gender Focused Context Analysis with a Focus on Local and Sectoral Governance
The study is implemented by National Farmer Group Federation (NFGF) in partnership with CARE Nepal. The primary purpose of the study is to carry out a gender-focused context analysis to understand the policy environment and governance context with a focus on the local governance and sectoral governance of associated sectors with the FFBS scale-up, specifically agriculture, food security, climate change adaptation, nutrition, and markets. The study is focused on structure, institutional and governance arrangement, and the main change actors/stakeholders to enable the promotion of the FFBS model and identify the formal and informal institutions and opportunities that support upscaling of the FFBS model. It is found through the study that the structural barriers for women and Dalits are caste, class, gender, education, land size, ownership, and the traditional patriarchal mindset. Additionally, the study area's socially harmful practices include untouchability, child marriage, Gender Based Violence (GBV), dowry systems, and domestic violence from their intimate partner. Moreover, the care economy does not recognize women’s contribution to household chores.
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Mid-Term Evaluation of the Hamzari Resilience Food Security Activity in Niger- Volume I
Page No: 82
Donor: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
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Mid-Term Evaluation of the Hamzari Resilience Food Security Activity in Niger – Volume II
The MTE serves as a critical tool for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the program's interventions, exploring areas of success while also pinpointing challenges that may hinder progress. By focusing on qualitative and quantitative indicators, the evaluation aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing program design and delivery in the remaining years of implementation. Key objectives include assessing service delivery quality, identifying intended and unintended changes in target communities, and evaluating the efficiency of cross-sectoral strategies, particularly those addressing gender and youth engagement.
Page No: 120
Donor: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Read More...
PROJET WALLINDE « AIDER LES AUTRES » Evaluation Finale et Capitalisation
Trois (03) résultats spécifiques étaient attendus, à savoir : (i) La gouvernance communautaire et communale des infrastructures de base (points d'eau, latrines, hygiène) est améliorée afin de garantir un accès accru, équitable et sécurisé à l'eau potable autour des écoles des communes de Mokolo, Hina, Touloum et Kaélé ; (ii) les élèves (filles, garçons), les parents (hommes, femmes ) et le personnel des écoles ont amélioré leurs connaissances et adopté des bonnes pratiques en matières d’EHA ; (iii) les capacités d’épargne des femmes et des jeunes membres des AVEC sont renforcées
Rendu à la fin du projet, il s’est avéré pertinent de conduire une évaluation externe du projet. La mission dont le présent document est le rapport visait à apprécier le résultat global du projet par rapport aux objectifs initiaux et de réfléchir avec les principaux intervenants en vue d’améliorer la mise en oeuvre ultérieure de projets similaires, mais aussi de générer des leçons apprises que CARE Cameroun puisse utiliser pour planifier et/ou adapter les composantes humanitaires des interventions futures. A la suite du processus de sélection, le Cabinet Multipolaire a été retenu pour accompagner CARE dans ce processus. Après production et validation de la note méthodologique, la collecte des données s’est déroulée du 20 au 25 mars 2023. La méthodologie de l’étude était participative et alignée sur les standards de protection et sauvegarde des enfants. Au total, 1 609 personnes dont ont été consultées dont 699 hommes et 910 femmes.
Les données croisées de l’évaluation montrent que les résultats attendus du projet ont été largement atteints, poussés par certaines activités comme la réhabilitation de 25 forages sur 20 prévus. On a également noté une forte mobilisation des populations, notamment à travers les sensibilisations sur les thématiques EHA. Les points forts du projet Walindé sont nombreux, entre autres il s’agit d’un projet pertinent, accepté et fortement apprécié par les populations, menant de judicieuses activités de construction/réhabilitation des points d’eau et des latrines, de renforcement des capacités des CPGE et micro-assurances, en partenariat avec les communes cibles et les structures sectorielles déconcentrées, avec lesquelles un climat de bonne collaboration et d’interactions positives a été développé, pour le grand bien des populations bénéficiaires. Ceci est également un atout pour la durabilité sociale et institutionnelle du projet.
On peut conclure sans risque de se tromper que la couverture en eau potable a été améliorée par l’offre de forages fonctionnels aux écoles bénéficiaires. Toute la population des intervenants de l’école et des communautés environnantes profitent de ces points d’eau. Toutes les écoles bénéficiaires ont en outre un lieu désigné pour le lavage des mains où l'eau et le savon sont présents et les latrines propres. Les proportions de personnes qui, lorsqu’elles y sont invitées, font une démonstration satisfaisante de bonnes pratiques en matière d’EHA sont très satisfaisantes (supérieures à 90%) quel que soit le sexe et l’âge. Le projet a ainsi contribué au changement des comportements au sein des établissements scolaires, au sein des ménages et au sein des communautés. Le projet a également contribué à la formation et au l’autonomisation, soutenue par une implication marquée et positive des acteurs communautaires peut déclencher des dynamiques sociales et institutionnelles favorables à la motivation des communautés qui prennent conscience de ce que leur avenir dépend en majeure partie d’eux même, de leur désir commun de développement.
Les structures de micro assurance constituent une réponse idoine à la problématique de la maintenance durable des points d’eau. A condition :i) qu’elles aient des capacités de sensibilisation permettant d’attirer et affilier le maximum de CGPE au sein de leur commune ; ii) qu’elles soient capables de mutualiser leurs ressources au-delà de la commune et des départements, dans le cadre d’un réseau régional de micro assurance d’entretien des points d’eau. Un accompagnement à cet effet devrait être confié à un consultant ayant le profil adéquat, qui serait rétribué en fonction des résultats obtenus.
Finalement, l’évaluation recommande fortement une phase subséquente du projet, dans la perspective de consolider les acquis du projet, d’organiser plus sereinement le développement du mécanisme de micro-assurance des points d’eau et également les centres d’alphabétisation. Read More...
RAPPORT ETUDE DE BASE ET ANALYSE GENRE PROJET PASEPRO
Adolescent Girls’ Education in Somalia (AGES) Midline evaluation
Learning outcomes among the original baseline cohorts are mixed. The FE and ABE cohorts showed substantial learning gains at ML1 and continue to perform above their baseline levels, but have experienced significant backsliding in both literacy and numeracy since ML1. This learning loss is concerning, and is coupled with a failure, even at ML1, to meet the learning benchmarks established at baseline.1 C1 NFE girls, on the other hand, have shown no learning improvements since baseline on either literacy or numeracy, in either the ML1 or ML2 rounds.
Learning gains among FE girls include an increase in literacy of 20.5 points since baseline, compared to an expected (benchmarked) achievement of 29.7 points. This cohort came closer to meeting the numeracy targets, gaining 15.3 points since baseline, compared to an expected improvement of 18.5 points. ABE girls have also failed to meet their benchmarks, but by larger margins, falling short of the literacy and numeracy benchmarks by 15.4 points and 11.5 points, respectively.
An important caveat when assessing learning outcomes concerns differential exposure to schooling among the cohorts. Girls who remained enrolled in FE consistently improved considerably, but the cohort’s overall scores are reduced by the number of girls who dropped out over time; the same is true of ABE and NFE girls.2 While even consistent attenders generally failed to meet improvement benchmarks, these differential gains underscore the importance of continuous enrolment to achieving the programme’s learning goals.
C4 NFE Cohort
Improving learning outcomes—numeracy and Somali literacy—are at the centre of the AGES programme’s goals. C4 NFE girls were enrolled before ML1 and completed the 10-month NFE programme. At the ML2 evaluation point, in the aggregate, we find that both numeracy and literacy scores improved significantly from a low base set of scores at ML1. The C4 NFE girls improved their average numeracy scores from 21.1 points to 49.6 points, and average literacy scores increased by 18.3 points to 34.9 points.
Examining changes in learning outcomes by region, C4 NFE girls in Banadir, Lower Shabelle, and Middle Shabelle improved their numeracy scores from 24.6 to 28.2 points on average while in Bay C4 NFE girls only improved by 2.3 points on average. With regard to literacy scores, C4 NFE girls in Banadir and Lower Shabelle improved their literacy scores 23.2 and 24.9 points, respectively, while scores in Bay stagnated with only a 1.8 point increase. Girls from Bay scored significantly higher than girls from all other regions at ML1, but by ML2 the numeracy and literacy gains were minimal and not statistically significant. Read More...
Gender Analysis in Sudan: Exploring Gender Dimensions of Humanitarian Action and Women’s Voice and Leadership in East Darfur, Gadarif, Kassala, South Darfur, and South Kordofan
Study Findings
Livelihoods. Unlike most of the other sectors of focus in this analysis, livelihoods present the most diverse experiences of women across states, localities, and villages. Generally, however, women the Darfur states experience similar challenges and opportunities, whereas the women in the other three states each have different types of experiences based on the context and norms in these regions. Core challenges experienced by women include the lack of available job opportunities, women’s responsibility over the household which doubles their burdens, lack of ownership and
control over productive assets, and exposure to gender-based violence. These issues are driven by some harmful and unequal official and customary laws, paternalistic gender norms, insecurity and conflict, illiteracy and poor education, and limited education.
Governance and Peacebuilding. Governance systems have been in turmoil since the 2019 Revolution. Despite this period of well-documented crisis at the national level, few issues were described by study respondents at the local level. This indicates a severe separation between national and local issues on the ground. However, women are consistently excluded in all governance and peacebuilding spaces across all states. The most common issues raised included hierarchical traditional mechanisms and powerholders, domination of men over decision-making, deliberate exclusionary practices, and the artificial fulfilment of women’s quota. These issues persist due to women’s illiteracy and poor education, social norms and traditional practices, harmful beliefs about women, low access to information for women, withdrawal of civil society, heavily centralized governance systems, and gaps in gender equality laws.
Gender-Based Violence. The types of GBV identified in Sudan include domestic / family violence (e.g., hard beating, psychological abuse), community social violence (e.g., exclusion, humiliation), harmful traditions and customs (e.g., early marriage, FGM/C), and violence during war (e.g., rape, killing). Women experience several challenges related to GBV – beyond the act of violence itself – such as stigmatization of reporting and the normalization of domestic violence. GBV is so prevalent due to unequal laws the enable it, patriarchal gender norms, economic hardship, insecurity and conflict, and the absence of law enforcement. It is driven internally by the family by the deep need
to protect family honor.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). Issues around water are well-understood and agreed upon by community members, with little differences in opinions be gender. The core issues relate to water include unreliable water accessibility, unequal responsibilities for water fetching and management that fall almost exclusively to women and girls and cause harmful health impacts, and the contamination of water sources. Similarly, related to sanitation, there is inadequate availability of latrines and poor cleanliness and waste accumulation in available latrines. Women specifically face the core hygiene issue of unavailability of dignity kits and no soap for washing. Such issues are primarily caused by poor governance and insufficient budgets alongside decentralized and male dominated water decision-making that does not account for women’s needs and discriminatory social norms and practices.
Health. The main health challenges identified in the states related to pregnancy and reproductive health, with little attention given to infectious or chronic diseases. Core to all health issues is the deficit of available and/or adequate reproductive and general health care centres. Health care may be the only sector in which men and women feel there is more equitable treatment between the genders; in fact, pregnant women tend to get preferential treatment in health centers when they are seen. However, significant issues remain for women including a lack of trained (female) medical staff and unaffordable medications and services. Like other sectors, poor governance and insufficient budget are primary drivers of weak health systems despite the INGO community playing a major role in building and delivering care at health centers. A significant emerging issue in the sector is the increasing mental health needs for women, particularly refugees.
Food Security and Nutrition. Families in all states report insufficient food availability driven by the rapidly collapsing economic situation and price hikes due to inflation. Food scarcity challenges are compounded by the deterioration of the agricultural season as a result of climate change in as most families are constrained to eat just what they can grow or procure very easily and cheaply locally. Even when food is available, it is very limited in variety causing low nutritional intake.
Women experience malnutrition because social norms dictate that they eat last and least even though overcoming food shortages is primarily the burden of women. Read More...
CARE Rapid Gender Analysis Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) – Mudja, Munigi and Kanyaruchinya IDP camps in North Kivu province
Impacto del cambio climático en la Inseguridad Alimentaria Áreas afectadas por ETA, IOTA y Julia
En octubre de 2022, en el Informe, CONRED reportó que las lluvias asociadas a depresión tropical Julia provocaron 1995 incidentes, con deslizamientos de tierra, derrumbes, hundimientos, inundaciones, entre otros. Fueron afectadas 1,358,158 personas, se evacuaron 58,634 y 19,372 fueron damnificadas, de las cuales 10,319 fueron llevadas a albergues. El perfil de las familias más afectadas muestra que el mayor impacto lo tuvieron hogares rurales y pertenecientes a los pueblos indígenas Q’eqchi’, K’iche’, Mam, Kaqchikel, Garífuna y Chorti´, y con ingresos menores a 3 mil quetzales, que se dedican principalmente a la agricultura de subsistencia, servicios, ventas y trabajos informales. La Evaluación de Daños y Análisis de Necesidades –EDAN-, desarrollada por CONRED, reportó que las viviendas afectadas fueron 2,303 en riesgo, 2,946, con daño leve, 15,430 con daño moderado y 996 con daño severo. Las infraestructuras públicas dañadas fueron 450 carreteras afectadas, 7 carreteras destruidas; 199 escuelas afectadas; 124 puentes dañados, 14 puentes destruidos, 14 puentes hamaca dañados y 1 destruido. (Gobierno de Guatemala, 2022)1
La depresión tropical Julia, ha impactado directamente en la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas, dejando pérdidas que profundizan su pobreza y precariedad:
• El 62% de las familias entrevistadas, ya habían sido afectadas por Eta e Iota en 2020. Es decir que son poblaciones con una situación constante de amenaza y precarización por la pérdida continua de sus medios de vida. Las pérdidas principales fueron debido a inundaciones, deslaves y derrumbes; afectando tierras, siembras, cosechas, semillas, árboles y animales de patio, y en menor medida, ganado, equipo y
herramientas y vehículos.
• De las 107 personas entrevistadas, un 35% tuvo daños en su vivienda. De estas, solo tres familias han recibido apoyo para reparar daños o reconstruir su vivienda. Muchas de estas familias ya habían tenido daños con las tormentas Eta e Iota en 2020.
• En el acceso al agua, el 4% de las familias tuvo daños severos en sus sistemas de agua y 5% perdieron el acceso al agua, debido a la destrucción de tuberías, pozos y contaminación de fuentes de agua.
• En lo relacionado con el acceso a servicios de salud, las comunidades que no tienen puesto de salud no tuvieron acceso a atención con personal de salud o a medicamentos durante la emergencia. Al igual que en otros RGA realizados anteriormente, se constata que el sistema de salud tiene limitadas capacidades para atender a la población, así como, para responder a emergencias y atender a la población afectada.
• El RGA reporta que las personas entrevistadas, en su mayoría, tienen ingresos inferiores al salario mínimo y al precio de la Canasta Básica Ampliada – CBA-. El 62% de las familias tienen ingresos menores a tres mil quetzales, y de estos, el 31% son inferiores a 1,500 quetzales. Estos ingresos no les permite generar condiciones para enfrentar este tipo de emergencias.
• En su mayoría, las familias dependen de los pocos medios de vida que poseen, y que se vieron afectados por las lluvias, inundaciones y deslaves. Read More...
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