Here in CARE International’s Evaluation e-Library we make all of CARE’s external evaluation reports available for public access in accordance with our Accountability Policy.
With these accumulated project evaluations CARE International hopes to share our collective knowledge not only internally but with a wider audience.
Looking for something specific? You can filter the evaluations using the dropdown menus on the right side of the screen.
If you have an evaluation or study to share, please e-mail the document to ejanoch@care.org for posting.
SUFAL II Baseline Report
The project “Scaling up Flood Forecast Based- Action and Learning in Bangladesh (SUFAL) – Phase II”, is aimed to strengthen resilience of communities to the impacts of frequent monsoon floods. SUFAL-II is being implemented in the districts of Kurigram and Gaibandha, Jamalpur and Bogura. In each district, two types of interventions (one intervention in one upazila) are being implemented. They are -
- Full scale implementation – Capacity development and support to communities to implement sector-specific early actions with extended lead times prior to monsoon floods.
- Partial scale implementation – Technical and capacity building support to the Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) and government officials, with the aim to demonstrate how the FbA mechanism can be operationalized in a district.
The selected areas in each district have ‘medium’ to ‘very high’ risk profiles as per INFORM Index on Risk Management. The risk profiles have been calculated based on the modelling of exposure to hazard, vulnerability and coping mechanisms in place.
Methodology
The baseline study uses a mixed method analysis. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative tools were administered to collect relevant data to assess the baseline status. The quantitative tool was administered to a sample of 1500 households, which were distributed across 60 wards. For the qualitative aspect of the study, a total of 28 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with DMCs and local government officials and 30 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the community members.
Key Findings
Background of respondents
Under the household survey, a total of 1494 interviews were conducted, of which 1394 interviews were conducted in three treatment groups and 100 interviews were conducted in the control group. The majority of respondents were female (74%), Muslim (95.7%), and of Bangali (99.8%) ethnicity. Approximately 79% of households reported a monthly income that exceeded 5000 Taka.
Floods in 2022
Of all the respondents, 78.4% experienced floods in 2022, with the highest occurrence in the month of Ashar - Srabon. Treatment group 1 (64.7%) and the control group (70%) had a lower flood incidence compared to Treatment groups 2 (89.1%) and Treatment group 3 (86.8%).
Early warning
Of all respondents in the three treatment groups who faced floods in 2022, only 36.3% received early warnings. It was observed that a higher percentage of respondents from the treatment group 1 (69.4%) received early warnings as compared to treatment group 3 (35.4%) and treatment group 2 (11.8%). Overall, out of all the respondents who reported receiving early warning, 85.8% reported that they received it 1 to 5 days prior to the floods. Television (40.1%) and friends/relatives (29.7%) were the primary sources of early warning information. Among other sources, only 8.5% of respondents reported receiving early warning via Audio calls, 19.2% reported from community volunteers (miking or household visit) and 1.2% via digital boards. Among those who received early warnings, 60.3% had information about flood intensity/water level, and 52.9% had information about the lead time. However, only 36.2% received guidance on early actions, 24.7% received livestock advisory, and 13.0% received agromet advisory. This indicates a lack of agromet advisory, flood preparedness advisory, and health awareness across all treatment groups. Overall, 67.8% of respondents found the early warnings timely and understandable, and 98.8% expressed trust in the early warnings. Read More...
- Full scale implementation – Capacity development and support to communities to implement sector-specific early actions with extended lead times prior to monsoon floods.
- Partial scale implementation – Technical and capacity building support to the Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) and government officials, with the aim to demonstrate how the FbA mechanism can be operationalized in a district.
The selected areas in each district have ‘medium’ to ‘very high’ risk profiles as per INFORM Index on Risk Management. The risk profiles have been calculated based on the modelling of exposure to hazard, vulnerability and coping mechanisms in place.
Methodology
The baseline study uses a mixed method analysis. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative tools were administered to collect relevant data to assess the baseline status. The quantitative tool was administered to a sample of 1500 households, which were distributed across 60 wards. For the qualitative aspect of the study, a total of 28 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with DMCs and local government officials and 30 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with the community members.
Key Findings
Background of respondents
Under the household survey, a total of 1494 interviews were conducted, of which 1394 interviews were conducted in three treatment groups and 100 interviews were conducted in the control group. The majority of respondents were female (74%), Muslim (95.7%), and of Bangali (99.8%) ethnicity. Approximately 79% of households reported a monthly income that exceeded 5000 Taka.
Floods in 2022
Of all the respondents, 78.4% experienced floods in 2022, with the highest occurrence in the month of Ashar - Srabon. Treatment group 1 (64.7%) and the control group (70%) had a lower flood incidence compared to Treatment groups 2 (89.1%) and Treatment group 3 (86.8%).
Early warning
Of all respondents in the three treatment groups who faced floods in 2022, only 36.3% received early warnings. It was observed that a higher percentage of respondents from the treatment group 1 (69.4%) received early warnings as compared to treatment group 3 (35.4%) and treatment group 2 (11.8%). Overall, out of all the respondents who reported receiving early warning, 85.8% reported that they received it 1 to 5 days prior to the floods. Television (40.1%) and friends/relatives (29.7%) were the primary sources of early warning information. Among other sources, only 8.5% of respondents reported receiving early warning via Audio calls, 19.2% reported from community volunteers (miking or household visit) and 1.2% via digital boards. Among those who received early warnings, 60.3% had information about flood intensity/water level, and 52.9% had information about the lead time. However, only 36.2% received guidance on early actions, 24.7% received livestock advisory, and 13.0% received agromet advisory. This indicates a lack of agromet advisory, flood preparedness advisory, and health awareness across all treatment groups. Overall, 67.8% of respondents found the early warnings timely and understandable, and 98.8% expressed trust in the early warnings. Read More...
PROHORI: Combating Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladesh in the Context of COVID-19
In July 2021, CARE Bangladesh and its local partner GBK launched the Prohori project to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and respond to survivors of violence through safe spaces, behavior change communication and capacity building approaches that address gender norms and practices. The 12-month project was generously funded by Voices Against Violence: The Gender-Based Violence Global Initiative, a public-private partnership led by Vital Voices and funded with support from the State Department and the Avon Foundation. The project targeted female garment workers and their male partners in Gazipur District, and female agricultural workers and their male partners in Rangpur District. CARE implemented activities in four locations in Gazipur, a peri-urban industrial area in central Bangladesh, and GBK implemented activities in five locations in Rangpur in northwest Bangladesh. Prohori used a blend of community-based, participatory approaches to prevent IPV, improve IPV survivors’ linkages to post-GBV referral services, and strengthen the capacity of first responders to respond empathetically to people who disclose they have experienced GBV. The project built 9 Women and Girls’ Safe Solidarity Spaces (WSSSs, adding to the 18 that CARE had already established in Gazipur) and strengthened GBV services through capacity building and referral service coordination. Read More...
Driven by Impact – CARE’s progress against Vision 2030 as of May 2023
CARE International approved Vision 2030 in June 2020. V2030 lays out an overall direction for the Confederation of the impact we seek, the organisation we will become and the resourcing we need to achieve our impact. This report takes stock of the impact we have achieved after 2 years; it outlines what programme leaders of CARE will do to deepen and scale our impact and makes recommendations to National Directors and Council regarding priority areas of progress required in our organisation and our resourcing to accelerate our programme impact.
In Annex 1, you will find detailed analysis by impact goal, Annex 2 highlights the main documents reviewed to feed into this report and Annex 3 indicates who was interviewed/consulted. Read More...
In Annex 1, you will find detailed analysis by impact goal, Annex 2 highlights the main documents reviewed to feed into this report and Annex 3 indicates who was interviewed/consulted. Read More...
Understanding the Policy Environment for Scaling Farmers’ Field Business School in Nepal: A Gender Focused Context Analysis with a Focus on Local and Sectoral Governance
The objectives of the Rupantaran project are to enhance dignity and self-esteem with livelihood promotion of Farmer Field Business School (FFBS) groups especially landless, women and Dalits, and other marginalized communities. The project is transforming the knowledge and skills of Small Holder Women Farmers (SHWFs) through the ‘Krishak Pathshala’ (Farmer Field Business School) model based on the ‘Learning by Doing’ approaches at the community level, and beneficiaries are taking the project positively and participating in FFBS model in their respective community.
The study is implemented by National Farmer Group Federation (NFGF) in partnership with CARE Nepal. The primary purpose of the study is to carry out a gender-focused context analysis to understand the policy environment and governance context with a focus on the local governance and sectoral governance of associated sectors with the FFBS scale-up, specifically agriculture, food security, climate change adaptation, nutrition, and markets. The study is focused on structure, institutional and governance arrangement, and the main change actors/stakeholders to enable the promotion of the FFBS model and identify the formal and informal institutions and opportunities that support upscaling of the FFBS model. It is found through the study that the structural barriers for women and Dalits are caste, class, gender, education, land size, ownership, and the traditional patriarchal mindset. Additionally, the study area's socially harmful practices include untouchability, child marriage, Gender Based Violence (GBV), dowry systems, and domestic violence from their intimate partner. Moreover, the care economy does not recognize women’s contribution to household chores.
Read More...
The study is implemented by National Farmer Group Federation (NFGF) in partnership with CARE Nepal. The primary purpose of the study is to carry out a gender-focused context analysis to understand the policy environment and governance context with a focus on the local governance and sectoral governance of associated sectors with the FFBS scale-up, specifically agriculture, food security, climate change adaptation, nutrition, and markets. The study is focused on structure, institutional and governance arrangement, and the main change actors/stakeholders to enable the promotion of the FFBS model and identify the formal and informal institutions and opportunities that support upscaling of the FFBS model. It is found through the study that the structural barriers for women and Dalits are caste, class, gender, education, land size, ownership, and the traditional patriarchal mindset. Additionally, the study area's socially harmful practices include untouchability, child marriage, Gender Based Violence (GBV), dowry systems, and domestic violence from their intimate partner. Moreover, the care economy does not recognize women’s contribution to household chores.
Read More...
Mid-Term Evaluation of the Hamzari Resilience Food Security Activity in Niger- Volume I
The report evaluates the "Hamzari" Resilience and Food Security Activity (RFSA) in Niger, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Launched in 2018, this project aims to enhance food and nutrition security for vulnerable groups in the Maradi Region, directly impacting 96,000 participants across 325 villages. The report outlines four key purposes, focusing on reducing extreme vulnerability among marginalized groups, improving health and nutritional status, ensuring equitable access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services, and promoting sustainable livelihoods. Despite challenges such as COVID-19, the project has made notable progress, although the diversity of interventions has sometimes hindered overall quality and sustainability.
Page No: 82
Donor: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Read More...
Page No: 82
Donor: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Read More...
Mid-Term Evaluation of the Hamzari Resilience Food Security Activity in Niger – Volume II
The Mid-Term Evaluation (MTE) of the Hamzari Resilience Food Security Activity represents a crucial assessment of the program's effectiveness and impact in addressing food insecurity and malnutrition among vulnerable populations in Niger. This evaluation, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation strategies, outcomes, and overall quality of the Hamzari program, which operates within a multi-faceted framework designed to improve food security and nutrition for marginalized groups, including women, youth, and persons with disabilities.
The MTE serves as a critical tool for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the program's interventions, exploring areas of success while also pinpointing challenges that may hinder progress. By focusing on qualitative and quantitative indicators, the evaluation aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing program design and delivery in the remaining years of implementation. Key objectives include assessing service delivery quality, identifying intended and unintended changes in target communities, and evaluating the efficiency of cross-sectoral strategies, particularly those addressing gender and youth engagement.
Page No: 120
Donor: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Read More...
The MTE serves as a critical tool for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the program's interventions, exploring areas of success while also pinpointing challenges that may hinder progress. By focusing on qualitative and quantitative indicators, the evaluation aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing program design and delivery in the remaining years of implementation. Key objectives include assessing service delivery quality, identifying intended and unintended changes in target communities, and evaluating the efficiency of cross-sectoral strategies, particularly those addressing gender and youth engagement.
Page No: 120
Donor: U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Read More...
PROJET WALLINDE « AIDER LES AUTRES » Evaluation Finale et Capitalisation
Le projet « aider les autres », ou « Walindé » en langue Fulfuldé, a été mis en oeuvre par CARE Cameroun dans les départements du Mayo Tsanaga, Mayo Danaï et Mayo Kani. L’objectif poursuivi par le projet est de « renforcer l'accès aux services de base en matière d'eau, hygiène et assainissement (EHA) et aux services informels d'épargne et de crédit dans la région de l'Extrême Nord du Cameroun ». Le projet couvre une période allant du 1er avril 2021 au 31 avril 2023 soit une durée globale de 24 mois.
Trois (03) résultats spécifiques étaient attendus, à savoir : (i) La gouvernance communautaire et communale des infrastructures de base (points d'eau, latrines, hygiène) est améliorée afin de garantir un accès accru, équitable et sécurisé à l'eau potable autour des écoles des communes de Mokolo, Hina, Touloum et Kaélé ; (ii) les élèves (filles, garçons), les parents (hommes, femmes ) et le personnel des écoles ont amélioré leurs connaissances et adopté des bonnes pratiques en matières d’EHA ; (iii) les capacités d’épargne des femmes et des jeunes membres des AVEC sont renforcées
Rendu à la fin du projet, il s’est avéré pertinent de conduire une évaluation externe du projet. La mission dont le présent document est le rapport visait à apprécier le résultat global du projet par rapport aux objectifs initiaux et de réfléchir avec les principaux intervenants en vue d’améliorer la mise en oeuvre ultérieure de projets similaires, mais aussi de générer des leçons apprises que CARE Cameroun puisse utiliser pour planifier et/ou adapter les composantes humanitaires des interventions futures. A la suite du processus de sélection, le Cabinet Multipolaire a été retenu pour accompagner CARE dans ce processus. Après production et validation de la note méthodologique, la collecte des données s’est déroulée du 20 au 25 mars 2023. La méthodologie de l’étude était participative et alignée sur les standards de protection et sauvegarde des enfants. Au total, 1 609 personnes dont ont été consultées dont 699 hommes et 910 femmes.
Les données croisées de l’évaluation montrent que les résultats attendus du projet ont été largement atteints, poussés par certaines activités comme la réhabilitation de 25 forages sur 20 prévus. On a également noté une forte mobilisation des populations, notamment à travers les sensibilisations sur les thématiques EHA. Les points forts du projet Walindé sont nombreux, entre autres il s’agit d’un projet pertinent, accepté et fortement apprécié par les populations, menant de judicieuses activités de construction/réhabilitation des points d’eau et des latrines, de renforcement des capacités des CPGE et micro-assurances, en partenariat avec les communes cibles et les structures sectorielles déconcentrées, avec lesquelles un climat de bonne collaboration et d’interactions positives a été développé, pour le grand bien des populations bénéficiaires. Ceci est également un atout pour la durabilité sociale et institutionnelle du projet.
On peut conclure sans risque de se tromper que la couverture en eau potable a été améliorée par l’offre de forages fonctionnels aux écoles bénéficiaires. Toute la population des intervenants de l’école et des communautés environnantes profitent de ces points d’eau. Toutes les écoles bénéficiaires ont en outre un lieu désigné pour le lavage des mains où l'eau et le savon sont présents et les latrines propres. Les proportions de personnes qui, lorsqu’elles y sont invitées, font une démonstration satisfaisante de bonnes pratiques en matière d’EHA sont très satisfaisantes (supérieures à 90%) quel que soit le sexe et l’âge. Le projet a ainsi contribué au changement des comportements au sein des établissements scolaires, au sein des ménages et au sein des communautés. Le projet a également contribué à la formation et au l’autonomisation, soutenue par une implication marquée et positive des acteurs communautaires peut déclencher des dynamiques sociales et institutionnelles favorables à la motivation des communautés qui prennent conscience de ce que leur avenir dépend en majeure partie d’eux même, de leur désir commun de développement.
Les structures de micro assurance constituent une réponse idoine à la problématique de la maintenance durable des points d’eau. A condition :i) qu’elles aient des capacités de sensibilisation permettant d’attirer et affilier le maximum de CGPE au sein de leur commune ; ii) qu’elles soient capables de mutualiser leurs ressources au-delà de la commune et des départements, dans le cadre d’un réseau régional de micro assurance d’entretien des points d’eau. Un accompagnement à cet effet devrait être confié à un consultant ayant le profil adéquat, qui serait rétribué en fonction des résultats obtenus.
Finalement, l’évaluation recommande fortement une phase subséquente du projet, dans la perspective de consolider les acquis du projet, d’organiser plus sereinement le développement du mécanisme de micro-assurance des points d’eau et également les centres d’alphabétisation. Read More...
Trois (03) résultats spécifiques étaient attendus, à savoir : (i) La gouvernance communautaire et communale des infrastructures de base (points d'eau, latrines, hygiène) est améliorée afin de garantir un accès accru, équitable et sécurisé à l'eau potable autour des écoles des communes de Mokolo, Hina, Touloum et Kaélé ; (ii) les élèves (filles, garçons), les parents (hommes, femmes ) et le personnel des écoles ont amélioré leurs connaissances et adopté des bonnes pratiques en matières d’EHA ; (iii) les capacités d’épargne des femmes et des jeunes membres des AVEC sont renforcées
Rendu à la fin du projet, il s’est avéré pertinent de conduire une évaluation externe du projet. La mission dont le présent document est le rapport visait à apprécier le résultat global du projet par rapport aux objectifs initiaux et de réfléchir avec les principaux intervenants en vue d’améliorer la mise en oeuvre ultérieure de projets similaires, mais aussi de générer des leçons apprises que CARE Cameroun puisse utiliser pour planifier et/ou adapter les composantes humanitaires des interventions futures. A la suite du processus de sélection, le Cabinet Multipolaire a été retenu pour accompagner CARE dans ce processus. Après production et validation de la note méthodologique, la collecte des données s’est déroulée du 20 au 25 mars 2023. La méthodologie de l’étude était participative et alignée sur les standards de protection et sauvegarde des enfants. Au total, 1 609 personnes dont ont été consultées dont 699 hommes et 910 femmes.
Les données croisées de l’évaluation montrent que les résultats attendus du projet ont été largement atteints, poussés par certaines activités comme la réhabilitation de 25 forages sur 20 prévus. On a également noté une forte mobilisation des populations, notamment à travers les sensibilisations sur les thématiques EHA. Les points forts du projet Walindé sont nombreux, entre autres il s’agit d’un projet pertinent, accepté et fortement apprécié par les populations, menant de judicieuses activités de construction/réhabilitation des points d’eau et des latrines, de renforcement des capacités des CPGE et micro-assurances, en partenariat avec les communes cibles et les structures sectorielles déconcentrées, avec lesquelles un climat de bonne collaboration et d’interactions positives a été développé, pour le grand bien des populations bénéficiaires. Ceci est également un atout pour la durabilité sociale et institutionnelle du projet.
On peut conclure sans risque de se tromper que la couverture en eau potable a été améliorée par l’offre de forages fonctionnels aux écoles bénéficiaires. Toute la population des intervenants de l’école et des communautés environnantes profitent de ces points d’eau. Toutes les écoles bénéficiaires ont en outre un lieu désigné pour le lavage des mains où l'eau et le savon sont présents et les latrines propres. Les proportions de personnes qui, lorsqu’elles y sont invitées, font une démonstration satisfaisante de bonnes pratiques en matière d’EHA sont très satisfaisantes (supérieures à 90%) quel que soit le sexe et l’âge. Le projet a ainsi contribué au changement des comportements au sein des établissements scolaires, au sein des ménages et au sein des communautés. Le projet a également contribué à la formation et au l’autonomisation, soutenue par une implication marquée et positive des acteurs communautaires peut déclencher des dynamiques sociales et institutionnelles favorables à la motivation des communautés qui prennent conscience de ce que leur avenir dépend en majeure partie d’eux même, de leur désir commun de développement.
Les structures de micro assurance constituent une réponse idoine à la problématique de la maintenance durable des points d’eau. A condition :i) qu’elles aient des capacités de sensibilisation permettant d’attirer et affilier le maximum de CGPE au sein de leur commune ; ii) qu’elles soient capables de mutualiser leurs ressources au-delà de la commune et des départements, dans le cadre d’un réseau régional de micro assurance d’entretien des points d’eau. Un accompagnement à cet effet devrait être confié à un consultant ayant le profil adéquat, qui serait rétribué en fonction des résultats obtenus.
Finalement, l’évaluation recommande fortement une phase subséquente du projet, dans la perspective de consolider les acquis du projet, d’organiser plus sereinement le développement du mécanisme de micro-assurance des points d’eau et également les centres d’alphabétisation. Read More...
RAPPORT ETUDE DE BASE ET ANALYSE GENRE PROJET PASEPRO
La stratégie pluriannuelle 2022-2027 de CARE Cameroun vise à toucher 250 000 personnes affectés par les crises, à travers une réponse humanitaire sensible au genre. La prévention et la réponse à la violence, en particulier aux violences basées sur le genre (VBG), est un axe central de cette stratégie. Au vu des nombreux besoins humanitaires non couverts dans la région de l’Ouest Cameroun, CARE souhaite étendre son action humanitaire dans cette région. C’est ainsi qu’avec l’appui du Centre de Crise et de Soutien (CDCS), CARE Cameroun en partenariat avec Horizons Femmes mettent en oeuvre le projet dénommé PASEPRO dans les districts de santé de la Midi et de Santchou sur une période de 15 mois. Ce projet vise spécifiquement à prévenir et répondre aux risques de violence, abus et exploitation encourus par les personnes déplacées internes ainsi que les populations vulnérables de la communauté d’accueil à travers des mécanismes communautaires et une meilleure coordination des acteurs. Dans une logique d’intégration transversale du genre, l’étude de base de ce projet a été couplé à l’analyse genre. Cette étude s’est appuyée sur des statistiques descriptives secondaires et des données d’enquête primaires(quantitatives) combinées à des examens structurés de documents, des groupes de discussion et des entrevues semi-structurées (qualitatives). Les résultats de cette étude mettent en exergue que le déplacement des personnes à la suite des conflits vers les deux départements a fortement influencé la division du travail d’après 54,39% personnes enquêtées. Les décès enregistrés au sein des ménages tout comme les occupations liées à la recherche des moyens de subsistance ont conduit certaines femmes à faire établir des actes de naissances. Une diminution dans l’accès aux ressources est constatée exception faite de l’accès à l’information. Ce déclin dans l’accès aux ressources tant pour les hôtes que pour les déplacés interne entraine l’émergence du travail journalier. Il convient cependant de préciser qu’avant la crise, les principaux moyens de subsistance étaient : l’agriculture (31,34%), le petit commerce (21,35%) et les travaux journaliers (6,12%) contre respectivement (27,94%) agriculture ; (25,27%) le petit commerce et (16,33%) les travaux journaliers. Une spécificité est tout de même observée pour les personnes en situation de handicap qui ont recours à la mendicité bien que l’on observe une tendance au désir d’autonomisation pour les personnes de sexe féminin en situation de handicap. Davantage de femmes (55,87%) que d’hommes (32,65%) estiment pouvoir prendre la décision dans l’achat ou la vente des actifs de manière unilatérale. Cette tendance ne s’observe pas pour ce qui concerne la santé où les hommes sont ceux qui prennent la décision dans la majorité des cas. La situation est davantage difficile pour ceux qui en plus de ces identités liées au sexe porte l’identité du handicap. Ces derniers sont perçus par la communauté comme des personnes ne pouvant pas exercer le leadership communautaire. S’agissant de l’accès aux services, 12,72% des personnes enquêtées ne disposent d’aucun document d’état civil. Seulement 37% des personnes consultées dans le district de Santchou ont accès aux soins de santé. Il convient également de préciser que bien que 78,96% des personnes consultées au cours de cette étude possèdent des comptes Mobile Money seulement 25,43% d’entre elles affirment disposer les comptes Mobile Money enregistrés à leurs noms. Read More...
Adolescent Girls’ Education in Somalia (AGES) Midline evaluation
Original Baseline Cohorts
Learning outcomes among the original baseline cohorts are mixed. The FE and ABE cohorts showed substantial learning gains at ML1 and continue to perform above their baseline levels, but have experienced significant backsliding in both literacy and numeracy since ML1. This learning loss is concerning, and is coupled with a failure, even at ML1, to meet the learning benchmarks established at baseline.1 C1 NFE girls, on the other hand, have shown no learning improvements since baseline on either literacy or numeracy, in either the ML1 or ML2 rounds.
Learning gains among FE girls include an increase in literacy of 20.5 points since baseline, compared to an expected (benchmarked) achievement of 29.7 points. This cohort came closer to meeting the numeracy targets, gaining 15.3 points since baseline, compared to an expected improvement of 18.5 points. ABE girls have also failed to meet their benchmarks, but by larger margins, falling short of the literacy and numeracy benchmarks by 15.4 points and 11.5 points, respectively.
An important caveat when assessing learning outcomes concerns differential exposure to schooling among the cohorts. Girls who remained enrolled in FE consistently improved considerably, but the cohort’s overall scores are reduced by the number of girls who dropped out over time; the same is true of ABE and NFE girls.2 While even consistent attenders generally failed to meet improvement benchmarks, these differential gains underscore the importance of continuous enrolment to achieving the programme’s learning goals.
C4 NFE Cohort
Improving learning outcomes—numeracy and Somali literacy—are at the centre of the AGES programme’s goals. C4 NFE girls were enrolled before ML1 and completed the 10-month NFE programme. At the ML2 evaluation point, in the aggregate, we find that both numeracy and literacy scores improved significantly from a low base set of scores at ML1. The C4 NFE girls improved their average numeracy scores from 21.1 points to 49.6 points, and average literacy scores increased by 18.3 points to 34.9 points.
Examining changes in learning outcomes by region, C4 NFE girls in Banadir, Lower Shabelle, and Middle Shabelle improved their numeracy scores from 24.6 to 28.2 points on average while in Bay C4 NFE girls only improved by 2.3 points on average. With regard to literacy scores, C4 NFE girls in Banadir and Lower Shabelle improved their literacy scores 23.2 and 24.9 points, respectively, while scores in Bay stagnated with only a 1.8 point increase. Girls from Bay scored significantly higher than girls from all other regions at ML1, but by ML2 the numeracy and literacy gains were minimal and not statistically significant. Read More...
Learning outcomes among the original baseline cohorts are mixed. The FE and ABE cohorts showed substantial learning gains at ML1 and continue to perform above their baseline levels, but have experienced significant backsliding in both literacy and numeracy since ML1. This learning loss is concerning, and is coupled with a failure, even at ML1, to meet the learning benchmarks established at baseline.1 C1 NFE girls, on the other hand, have shown no learning improvements since baseline on either literacy or numeracy, in either the ML1 or ML2 rounds.
Learning gains among FE girls include an increase in literacy of 20.5 points since baseline, compared to an expected (benchmarked) achievement of 29.7 points. This cohort came closer to meeting the numeracy targets, gaining 15.3 points since baseline, compared to an expected improvement of 18.5 points. ABE girls have also failed to meet their benchmarks, but by larger margins, falling short of the literacy and numeracy benchmarks by 15.4 points and 11.5 points, respectively.
An important caveat when assessing learning outcomes concerns differential exposure to schooling among the cohorts. Girls who remained enrolled in FE consistently improved considerably, but the cohort’s overall scores are reduced by the number of girls who dropped out over time; the same is true of ABE and NFE girls.2 While even consistent attenders generally failed to meet improvement benchmarks, these differential gains underscore the importance of continuous enrolment to achieving the programme’s learning goals.
C4 NFE Cohort
Improving learning outcomes—numeracy and Somali literacy—are at the centre of the AGES programme’s goals. C4 NFE girls were enrolled before ML1 and completed the 10-month NFE programme. At the ML2 evaluation point, in the aggregate, we find that both numeracy and literacy scores improved significantly from a low base set of scores at ML1. The C4 NFE girls improved their average numeracy scores from 21.1 points to 49.6 points, and average literacy scores increased by 18.3 points to 34.9 points.
Examining changes in learning outcomes by region, C4 NFE girls in Banadir, Lower Shabelle, and Middle Shabelle improved their numeracy scores from 24.6 to 28.2 points on average while in Bay C4 NFE girls only improved by 2.3 points on average. With regard to literacy scores, C4 NFE girls in Banadir and Lower Shabelle improved their literacy scores 23.2 and 24.9 points, respectively, while scores in Bay stagnated with only a 1.8 point increase. Girls from Bay scored significantly higher than girls from all other regions at ML1, but by ML2 the numeracy and literacy gains were minimal and not statistically significant. Read More...
Gender Analysis in Sudan: Exploring Gender Dimensions of Humanitarian Action and Women’s Voice and Leadership in East Darfur, Gadarif, Kassala, South Darfur, and South Kordofan
CARE Sudan is working to ensure that gender dynamics in Sudan are well understood, and that gender is fully integrated into all programmes and operations. This gender analysis covers each of the sectors to which CARE Sudan responds, highlighting key similarities and differences within the five operational states in which CARE Sudan operates. In all sectors, the analysis assesses differences in barriers and opportunities for different populations, especially women and girls.
Study Findings
Livelihoods. Unlike most of the other sectors of focus in this analysis, livelihoods present the most diverse experiences of women across states, localities, and villages. Generally, however, women the Darfur states experience similar challenges and opportunities, whereas the women in the other three states each have different types of experiences based on the context and norms in these regions. Core challenges experienced by women include the lack of available job opportunities, women’s responsibility over the household which doubles their burdens, lack of ownership and
control over productive assets, and exposure to gender-based violence. These issues are driven by some harmful and unequal official and customary laws, paternalistic gender norms, insecurity and conflict, illiteracy and poor education, and limited education.
Governance and Peacebuilding. Governance systems have been in turmoil since the 2019 Revolution. Despite this period of well-documented crisis at the national level, few issues were described by study respondents at the local level. This indicates a severe separation between national and local issues on the ground. However, women are consistently excluded in all governance and peacebuilding spaces across all states. The most common issues raised included hierarchical traditional mechanisms and powerholders, domination of men over decision-making, deliberate exclusionary practices, and the artificial fulfilment of women’s quota. These issues persist due to women’s illiteracy and poor education, social norms and traditional practices, harmful beliefs about women, low access to information for women, withdrawal of civil society, heavily centralized governance systems, and gaps in gender equality laws.
Gender-Based Violence. The types of GBV identified in Sudan include domestic / family violence (e.g., hard beating, psychological abuse), community social violence (e.g., exclusion, humiliation), harmful traditions and customs (e.g., early marriage, FGM/C), and violence during war (e.g., rape, killing). Women experience several challenges related to GBV – beyond the act of violence itself – such as stigmatization of reporting and the normalization of domestic violence. GBV is so prevalent due to unequal laws the enable it, patriarchal gender norms, economic hardship, insecurity and conflict, and the absence of law enforcement. It is driven internally by the family by the deep need
to protect family honor.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). Issues around water are well-understood and agreed upon by community members, with little differences in opinions be gender. The core issues relate to water include unreliable water accessibility, unequal responsibilities for water fetching and management that fall almost exclusively to women and girls and cause harmful health impacts, and the contamination of water sources. Similarly, related to sanitation, there is inadequate availability of latrines and poor cleanliness and waste accumulation in available latrines. Women specifically face the core hygiene issue of unavailability of dignity kits and no soap for washing. Such issues are primarily caused by poor governance and insufficient budgets alongside decentralized and male dominated water decision-making that does not account for women’s needs and discriminatory social norms and practices.
Health. The main health challenges identified in the states related to pregnancy and reproductive health, with little attention given to infectious or chronic diseases. Core to all health issues is the deficit of available and/or adequate reproductive and general health care centres. Health care may be the only sector in which men and women feel there is more equitable treatment between the genders; in fact, pregnant women tend to get preferential treatment in health centers when they are seen. However, significant issues remain for women including a lack of trained (female) medical staff and unaffordable medications and services. Like other sectors, poor governance and insufficient budget are primary drivers of weak health systems despite the INGO community playing a major role in building and delivering care at health centers. A significant emerging issue in the sector is the increasing mental health needs for women, particularly refugees.
Food Security and Nutrition. Families in all states report insufficient food availability driven by the rapidly collapsing economic situation and price hikes due to inflation. Food scarcity challenges are compounded by the deterioration of the agricultural season as a result of climate change in as most families are constrained to eat just what they can grow or procure very easily and cheaply locally. Even when food is available, it is very limited in variety causing low nutritional intake.
Women experience malnutrition because social norms dictate that they eat last and least even though overcoming food shortages is primarily the burden of women. Read More...
Study Findings
Livelihoods. Unlike most of the other sectors of focus in this analysis, livelihoods present the most diverse experiences of women across states, localities, and villages. Generally, however, women the Darfur states experience similar challenges and opportunities, whereas the women in the other three states each have different types of experiences based on the context and norms in these regions. Core challenges experienced by women include the lack of available job opportunities, women’s responsibility over the household which doubles their burdens, lack of ownership and
control over productive assets, and exposure to gender-based violence. These issues are driven by some harmful and unequal official and customary laws, paternalistic gender norms, insecurity and conflict, illiteracy and poor education, and limited education.
Governance and Peacebuilding. Governance systems have been in turmoil since the 2019 Revolution. Despite this period of well-documented crisis at the national level, few issues were described by study respondents at the local level. This indicates a severe separation between national and local issues on the ground. However, women are consistently excluded in all governance and peacebuilding spaces across all states. The most common issues raised included hierarchical traditional mechanisms and powerholders, domination of men over decision-making, deliberate exclusionary practices, and the artificial fulfilment of women’s quota. These issues persist due to women’s illiteracy and poor education, social norms and traditional practices, harmful beliefs about women, low access to information for women, withdrawal of civil society, heavily centralized governance systems, and gaps in gender equality laws.
Gender-Based Violence. The types of GBV identified in Sudan include domestic / family violence (e.g., hard beating, psychological abuse), community social violence (e.g., exclusion, humiliation), harmful traditions and customs (e.g., early marriage, FGM/C), and violence during war (e.g., rape, killing). Women experience several challenges related to GBV – beyond the act of violence itself – such as stigmatization of reporting and the normalization of domestic violence. GBV is so prevalent due to unequal laws the enable it, patriarchal gender norms, economic hardship, insecurity and conflict, and the absence of law enforcement. It is driven internally by the family by the deep need
to protect family honor.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH). Issues around water are well-understood and agreed upon by community members, with little differences in opinions be gender. The core issues relate to water include unreliable water accessibility, unequal responsibilities for water fetching and management that fall almost exclusively to women and girls and cause harmful health impacts, and the contamination of water sources. Similarly, related to sanitation, there is inadequate availability of latrines and poor cleanliness and waste accumulation in available latrines. Women specifically face the core hygiene issue of unavailability of dignity kits and no soap for washing. Such issues are primarily caused by poor governance and insufficient budgets alongside decentralized and male dominated water decision-making that does not account for women’s needs and discriminatory social norms and practices.
Health. The main health challenges identified in the states related to pregnancy and reproductive health, with little attention given to infectious or chronic diseases. Core to all health issues is the deficit of available and/or adequate reproductive and general health care centres. Health care may be the only sector in which men and women feel there is more equitable treatment between the genders; in fact, pregnant women tend to get preferential treatment in health centers when they are seen. However, significant issues remain for women including a lack of trained (female) medical staff and unaffordable medications and services. Like other sectors, poor governance and insufficient budget are primary drivers of weak health systems despite the INGO community playing a major role in building and delivering care at health centers. A significant emerging issue in the sector is the increasing mental health needs for women, particularly refugees.
Food Security and Nutrition. Families in all states report insufficient food availability driven by the rapidly collapsing economic situation and price hikes due to inflation. Food scarcity challenges are compounded by the deterioration of the agricultural season as a result of climate change in as most families are constrained to eat just what they can grow or procure very easily and cheaply locally. Even when food is available, it is very limited in variety causing low nutritional intake.
Women experience malnutrition because social norms dictate that they eat last and least even though overcoming food shortages is primarily the burden of women. Read More...
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